A Separate Peace essays

A Separate Peace essays In times of war, people and societies change to adapt to the lifestyle war brings with it. In John Knowles A Separate Peace the characters must adapt to the lifestyle brought forth by World War II. Some make it through these times better than others and some just dont make it at all. This brings me to my reasoning for the theme of this novel; survival of the fittest. From the beginning of this novel it is made abundantly clear that Phineas and Gene are the fittest. In chapter one Phineas is described as ...the best athlete in the school with a strong neck in and uninterrupted, unemphatic unity of strength.(8) Clearly Phineas is the fittest physically. His physical build and superior athletic ability give him that advantage over everyone else enabling him to survive. Then there is Gene, who is also a good athlete but is no Finny. Gene couldnt be just good but exceptional in his academics (46). He has to stand out for his achievements. His just being good at school would not make him even with Phineas. Gene wants to be head of the class, valedictorian.(43) Gene sees it that Finny is the best athlete in school and he is his best friend so he has to be best at something too. You dont stand out for just being good at something you have to be exceptional to survive. Another character of this novel, Lepper Leppellier, also comes to the realization of the survival of the fittest in this quote: Im almost glad this war came along. It is like a test, isnt it, and only the things and people whove been evolving in the right way survive.(117) And later in the novel we find out that he was definitely not the fittest, he went crazy. He did realize however, Gene to fit the characteristics he was referring to in the quote above. Well, with Phineas and his broken leg, Gene is not only the smartest but also the best athlete. ...

Letter Writing 101

Letter Writing 101 Letter Writing 101 Letter Writing 101 By Ali Hale People have been writing letters for centuries. Before the telephone and the Internet, sending a letter (by messenger, and later by post) was the only way to communicate with someone who was geographically distant. Even with all our modern technology, letters haven’t become obsolete. Most of us will write many letters during our business life: perhaps including a covering letter to accompany our resume, a letter to be sent to clients, or a thank you letter after an interview or other opportunity. In this article, I’ll take you through the common types of letters that you’re likely to need to write at some point. I’ll offer general and specific advice which should help you if you’re at a loss for words or unsure how to structure a letter. You might want to bookmark this page so that you can refer back to it when you need it! I’ll cover business letters first, then mention some tips for personal letters too. Business Letters The standard format of a business letter varies from country to country, and standards often aren’t set in stone. If you’re not sure how your letter should be laid out, check Daily Writing Tips’ guidelines on How to Format a US Business Letter and How to Format a UK Business Letter. A quick tip if you’re still struggling about layout: look through your correspondence, find a business letter (ideally one from the company that you’re writing to), and use their format as a model. Here are four more points to take into consideration: 1. You should use a simple, standard font such as Arial or Times New Roman for business letters, and a font size of 10-12 pt (depending on the font). Even if your letter is short, don’t use a large font size to increase the space it takes up on the page – this will look unprofessional. This goes especially for writers, who are often tempted to use fancy fonts and layout. 2. You should never handwrite a business letter. However, you may send a very brief handwritten note on a printed compliments slip, in lieu of a letter. 3. For all business letters, you should keep your audience in mind. Don’t use business jargon when you’re writing to customers, for instance. Keep your letters as short as possible – if you need more than a page, consider whether the information might be better delivered in a leaflet or brochure. 4. Always check your spelling and proof-read your letters; if possible, ask someone else in your company to go through them. It’s surprising how mistakes can slip past your eyes: errors can alter your meaning and may confuse or even offend the recipient. Job Applications When writing a letter as part of a job application, remember that it will give the employer their first impression of you. Always: Ensure that you have provided all the information requested. Mention any enclosures (usually your resume and perhaps an application form). Address the letter to â€Å"Mr Smith† or â€Å"Mrs Jones†, rather than using their first name. If you are unsure of the gender of the recipient, use their first name and surname (such as â€Å"Sam Jones†). Here’s an example of the start of an application letter: Dear Mr Smith: Application for the Junior Manager Role, ref: 123A I am writing to apply for the position of Junior Manager, as advertised on your website. Please find my resume enclosed. I believe that I would be an ideal fit for this role, as I meet all of the requirements on the job specification. In particular, my spoken communication skills are outstanding (as you can see from my resume, I captained the debating team at my college). Business Thank You Letters In a business context, thank you letters are often appropriate and expected. When you have attended an interview, it is considered polite to send a thank you note – and it could harm your chances of getting the job if you don’t do this. You might also send a thank you letter when someone has given you their time and advice. In general, you should: Make it very clear that you’re writing to thank the recipient. Mention a specific detail of how they helped you. Express your gratitude for the time or effort they spent. Avoid using the letter just as an excuse to promote yourself (though if you are following up an interview, it’s appropriate to highlight your suitability for the job). An example paragraph from a thank you letter is: Thank you for giving me your time on Friday 18th, when you kindly showed me around the factory. It was fascinating to see how the widgets are manufactured, and I now feel confident that I want to pursue a career in the widget manufacturing field. I’ve attached my resume and wonder if you’d be kind enough to keep it on file, in case any future positions arise that I might be suitable for? Letters of Complaint If you have received poor service or have been dissatisfied with a product, you can write to the company involved to make a complaint. To get the result you want, such as a refund, follow these tips: Explain clearly who you are in relation to the company (eg. â€Å"I am an XYZ customer†). Let them know exactly what you’re complaining about, without using emotional or abusive language. Give specific location, time and date if appropriate. Make it clear what you would like them to do in response. You might also want to include a warning, such as â€Å"If this is not resolved, I will be forced to take my business elsewhere.† Throughout your letter of complaint, your tone should be polite but assertive. Don’t make ridiculous threats or demand an unreasonable compensation – but also don’t be afraid to tell them about the inconvenience or financial loss that you’ve suffered. You can practice writing a letter of complaint here, or use the example below as a model: I recently ordered several party platters of food from your store in Littletown, including one platter of seafood. The food was delivered two hours late, and the seafood platter was missing. I had to spend $40 to purchase extra food at short notice for my party. This was very inconvenient, as I had to drive to the store when I had planned to be with my guests. I have never used your party platter service in the past, and regret to say that I very much doubt I will be doing so again unless you can assure me that this was an isolated incident. Although I was not charged for the seafood platter, I would be grateful for compensation in view of the inconvenience – and cost – of buying replacement food at such short notice. Personal Letters A thoughtful letter from a friend can brighten anyone’s day. Most of us send emails rather than letters nowadays – which means that a letter will really stand out. Even if you’d never normally sit down to write a letter except in a business context, there are a couple of types of personal letter that you’ll want to familiarize yourself with: Letter of Condolence A letter of condolence or letter of sympathy is one which you send to someone who has been bereaved. It can be very difficult to find the right words to say, but taking the time to write a letter or note rather than just sending a â€Å"With Sympathy† card will mean a lot to the recipient. Some tips to bear in mind are: Acknowledge the loss – don’t gloss over it. Express your sympathy. Offer a brief anecdote or recollection of the deceased, mentioning the role s/he played in your life. Mention that your thoughts (and, if appropriate for you and the recipient, your prayers) are with the bereaved and their family. Note that if you’re writing to someone elderly, it’s particularly important to send a handwritten letter. A typed letter will often come across as cold or even rude. All letters of condolence will be unique, but you might like to use this example as a general guide: I was so sorry to hear that John had passed away. My sympathies are with you at this time: I know it must be very difficult for you. John was so good to me when I first came to Littletown – I remember how he welcomed me into your church and made me feel completely at home. I’ll miss him very much. My thoughts and prayers are with you, and with Johnny and Becca. Personal Thank You Letters When someone has given you a gift or done you a particular favor, it’s polite to send them a thank you note or letter. You might do this by email – but you still need to send a separate note to each person, rather than emailing a group of people. Thank you letters are required is in response to wedding gifts. You should send these through the post, and in many cases, you may want to handwrite them. As well as saying â€Å"thank you† for the gift, it’s often nice to acknowledge the particular role that a person played in your wedding – even if that’s just saying â€Å"We were so pleased that you could come and be with us on the day.† Other times when you could send a thank you letter include: For birthday and Christmas gifts. When you’ve stayed as a house guest somewhere (this is sometimes called a â€Å"bread-and-butter letter†). After someone has treated you to a meal, a theater trip, a vacation or similar. To your parents, grandparents or other relatives who have helped you out with a big purchase or a college degree. Your thank you letter doesn’t need to be long. In many cases, a few lines is plenty: Thank you for the gorgeous sweater – just the thing for the cold Canadian winter! I’ll be thinking of you every time I wrap myself up in it. We’re going to be travelling over Christmas, but hope to pop down and see everyone during the new year. Thanks again! If you’re not very confident about your letter writing skills, sending some personal thank you notes is a great way to get started. People are always delighted and touched by being thanked in this way – they’ll overlook any small slips of grammar, and you don’t need to worry too much about lay out and formatting in personal letters. Check Out Other Articles from The Writing 101 Series: The Writing Process Creative Writing 101 Story Writing 101 Letter Writing 101 Business Writing 101 Freelance Writing 101 Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives30 Baseball Idioms10 Writing Exercises to Tighten Your Writing

Northeast of England and Scotland economic situation and government Essay

Northeast of England and Scotland economic situation and government measures - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that The recession of 2008 brought enormous impact on the UK economy that affected various macroeconomic variables, especially employment levels in the country. This has initiated intensive discussion about the policies and approaches that can be engaged to help in revitalizing the economy. Several policy makers and socialist have come up with measures like industrial policy, investment in the education, subsidizing particular industries, and among others. However, which of the proposed policies can help the UK to recover from the recession drawbacks.   The problem led to rise of different ideas like that of Adam Smith, Michael porter and David Cameron. Thus, the paper will discuss each idea of the above individuals to ascertain their contribution on revitalizing of the economy.   Meanwhile, the paper will focus on the state affairs on the ground, and the ways the government is using to restore the economy. Northeast of England and Scot land are facing economic problems due to the recession of 2008 that affect societies and the labor market. Joanna claims that the recession led to the reduction in the economic growth that decreased the GDP in these countries because they could not employ significant measures to curtail the impact. The industrial sectors in Scotland and Northeast England have suffered for lengthy periods due to the problems of unemployment and economic restructuring. Joanna (2011, P. 160) indicate that the deindustrialization had made the regional economic situation weak, and the effect was expected to strengthen as the government sought to cut public expenditure. This was to prevent the individual dependence of these regions on public service jobs. The immediate impact of recession in these countries is the labor market that caused unemployment. This was as a result of decline in aggregate demand that caused private sectors to pay their wages decreased wages in order to meet the economic situation in the labor market. The adequacy of demand and increased unemployment has caused crowding out of the private sectors.The reduction of wages in private sectors in these regions has limited the growth of demand and caused problems of relative demand shortage. The regional economies of Scotland are closer to full employment level and decreasing of the public sector wages against that of private sectors can enhance the competitive advantage in the private sector. The Scotland and Northeast England are the regions that suffered the most increases in household financial crisis due to the recession. According to Joanna (2011, P. 147), the comparatively rise in unemployment and economic immobility rates caused the decline in households prices that affected their lifestyle. The Scotland and northeast England have the lowest increases of unemployment because they participate in the traditional manufacturing and heavy industries that have suffered disproportionately before recession.The insta nt problem of the recession in the two regions was the fiscal damage because all powerful politicians agreed on the requirement for public expenditure cuts. This would undermine the use of state expenditure to support the former industrial in these regions and women’s employment. Meanwhile, the new labor increased expenses on health and education did operate due to the type of undisclosed regional policy implemented. The government helped to expand employment right across the national economy in Scotland and northeast England, but it was significant where private sector job creation was weak. The dispersed expenditure on education and health were equally vital in achieving a new necessity for gendered employment in the regions. Joanna (2011, P. 149) indicates that the payment out of the banks undermined the national business environment and challenged the account of national economic transportation. To change the state affairs in the two regions, their governments have tried to encourage a

Does the Diagnosis of Vitiligo Have a Psychological Impact on Adult Essay

Does the Diagnosis of Vitiligo Have a Psychological Impact on Adult Suffers in UK - Essay Example As the disease becomes chronic, it was observed that these patches may or may not grow in number and size, and may get eventually widely distributed all over the body surface. In some individuals, it was observed that the growth of white lesions is static, and rarely even uneven repigmentation can be observed in vitiligo individuals (Patient UK EMIS and PiP, 2008). The specialized skin cells named melanocytes are responsible for the production of skin pigments called melanin, which is activated on sunlight exposure to form more melanin. They play an important role in skin protection from the suns rays, besides delivering color to the outer layer of the body. The people suffering from vitiligo have less or devoid of melanin content in affected areas. Therefore, such people due to lack of natural protection, are easily prone to skin burn by sun rays (Patient UK EMIS and PiP, 2008). It is conspicuous in darker-skinned persons than faired skin people, where the contrast with the surrounding area is prominent. It is estimated that 0.1-2% of the worldwide population is vitiligo patients. The UK has reported that almost 1% population suffers from vitiligo. People of all racial or ethnic backgrounds and both the genders are equally vulnerable to vitiligo. Though particular age limit is not there for catching this disease, the most susceptible age group is young age up to 20 years; where almost 50% of vitiligo cases are spotted (NHS choices, 2008). Vitiligo is not categorized as an infectious disorder since this is not transmitted from one person to other. In the UK, approximately 500000 suffer from this typical skin problem accompanied by cosmetic and psychological issues. Every physician has around 10 vitiligo clients.  

Organizational Change A Literature Review Essay

Organizational Change A Literature Review - Essay Example Being an ‘organism’ all organizations are prone to change; in fact change is part of its nature. Organizations always seek to maximize growth as much as longevity, and in order to ensure this growth and longevity a thriving organization must adjust in tandem with the changing times. But even as the organization seeks and adopts changes it may benefit from in the long term, these changes variably affect the lives and careers of the people who comprise it. For some the necessary adjustments are unsettling because they usually detract from the routines that organizational personnel have become accustomed to. Changes also tend to deviate from the longer-term expectations individuals have set for themselves under the conditions prior to the change, thereby creating anxieties and uncertainties that challenge the employee’s trust in his organization. Similar problems arise with respect to the organization’s other stakeholders which tend to threaten the successful adoption of the change. The literature review explores the complex issues that attend the adoption of change in organizations. Repercussions pertaining to the organization itself as well as its stakeholders shall be examined, and insights which shall be gathered from the wealth of academic literature on organizational change shall be integrated to support a furtherance of future studies. Drivers of organizational change There are three categories of forces which exert pressure for organizational change, according to Tichy (1982, as cited by Westover, 2010, p. 46), namely technical, political, and cultural forces. Technical forces refers to imperatives for change created by changes in technology and economic conditions in the environment, including the development of advance equipment, changing interest rates and increase in competition. Political forces pertains to pressures for change brought about by issues associated with power, influence, and resource allocation; these include issues of who holds authority, who are rewarded, and who are empowered to decide how rewards and resources are allocated. Finally, cultural forces refers to those pressures urging change as a result of a shift in the collective values and beliefs of people, that is, the demographic composition and cultural diversity of the labor pool and societal values (Westover, 2010). The change agent ( typically the human resources professional in an organizational setting) will perform a vital role, described in the subsequent discussion below, in bringing together both management and employees to effectively address these pressures by fostering effective change strategies. Numerous drivers of organizational change have been identified over the decades, but there has been a confluence of studies which incline towards some commonly cited factors. In a theory-building survey of academic studies, Whelan-Berry and Somerville (2010) have determined these to be: (1) the acceptance of a change vision; (2) leaders’ change related activities; (3) change related communication; (4) change related training; (5) change related employee participation; (6) aligned human resources practices; and (7) aligned organization structure and control processes (p. 182) Organizational structure as tool and barrier to organizational change According to Hannan, Polos and Carroll (2003), there are fou r types of processes that delay and may even prevent organizational change. These are: structural processes, that include the consequences of intricacy of the adopted change and the viscosity or sluggishness of response; institutional processes

Pest Detection on Leafs Using Robot and Processing Labview

Pest Detection on Leafs Using Robot and Processing Labview ABSTRACT: Recent century is a full of technology. None field cant remain without the use of the technology. Agriculture is one of those fields. Agriculture is the backbone of India. Most of the scientists are doing research to increase the cultivate of crops. But one problem still exist which is a major concern of the cultivation of crop and that is crop pests. Due to these problems, The cultivation decreases and hence all the farmers and in turn the country suffers from lack of cultivation of crop. With the recent advancement in image processing and similar related techniques, it is possible to develop an autonomous system for pest classification. Early detection of pest or the initial presence of a bio aggressor is a key-point for crop management. If we are able to detect it at the initial stage, we can prevent pest on leaves without spreading all over the field, which reduces the loss of crop and money. In recent years, the development of the robots in agriculture has agriculture introduced. These robots should be capable of working 24 hours a day, in all weather condition. So if we use robots instead of farmers for detecting the pests on leafs efficiently, we can reduce the loss of crop and money. I. INTRODUCTION Agriculture is the backbone of India. Most  of the scientists are doing research to increase the cultivity of crops. But one problem still exist which is a major concern of the cultivation of crop and that is crop pests. Due to these problems, the cultivation decreases and hence all the farmers and in turn the country suffers from  lack of cultivation of crop. Different types of pesticides are there in market which are used to avoid the damage to fruit and vegetable, but the amount of pesticides to be used is not known due to which the cost as well as the environmental pollution gets affected. A strong demand now exists in many countries for non-chemical control methods for pests or diseases. Greenhouses are considered as biophysical systems with inputs, outputs and control process loops. Most of these control loops are automatized (e.g., climate and irrigation control). However no automatic methods are available which precisely and periodically detect the pests on plants. In fact, in production conditions, periodically observes plants and search for pests. This manual method is too time consuming. Diagnosis is most difficult task to perform manually as it is a function of a number of parameters such as environment, nutrient, organism etc. With the recent advancement in image processing and similar related techniques, it is possible to develop an autonomous system for pest classification. Early detection of pest or the initial presence of a bio aggressor is a key- point for crop management. The detection of biological objects as small as such insects (dimensions are about 2mm) is a real challenge, especially when considering greenhouses dimensions (10- 100m long). For this purpose different measures are undertaken such as manual observation of plants. This method does not give accurate measures. Hence automatic detection is very much important for ea rly detection of pests. Hence we have to detect the pest at the earlier stage not to spread all over the field. If we are able to detect it at the initial stage, we can prevent pest on leafs without spreading all over the field, which reduces the loss of crop and money.  In recent years, the development of robots in agriculture has introduced. These robots should be capable of working 24 hours a day, in all weather conditions. So if we use robots instead of farmers for detecting the pests on leafs efficiently, we can reduce the loss of crop and money. II.  LITERATURE  SURVEY Recent papers are describing to detect  mainly pests like aphids, whiteflies, thrips, etc using various approaches suggesting the various implementation ways as illustrated and discussed below. [1] Proposed a cognitive vision system that combines image processing, learning and knowledge-based techniques. They only detect mature stage of white fly and count the number of flies on single leaflet. They used 180 images as test dataset .among this images they tested 162 images and each image having 0 to 5 whitefly pest. They calculate false negative rate (FNR) and false positive rate (FPR) for test images with no whiteflies (class 1), at least one white fly (class 2) and for whole test set. [2] Extend implementation of the image processing algorithms and techniques to detect pests in controlled environment like greenhouse. Three kinds of typical features including size, morphological feature (shape of boundary), and color components were considered and investigated to identify the three kinds of adult insects, whiteflies, aphids and trips. [3] Promote early pest detection in green houses based on video analysis. Their goal was to define a decision support system which handles a video camera data. They implemented algorithms for detection of only two bioagressors name as white flies and aphids. The system was able to detect low infestation stages by detecting eggs of white flies thus analyzing behavior of white flies. [4] Proposed pest detection system including four steps name as color conversion, segmentation, reduction in noise and counting whiteflies. A distinct algorithm name as relative difference in pixel intensities (RDI) was proposed  for detecting pest named as white fly affecting various leaves. The algorithm not only works for greenhouse based crops but also agricultural based crops as well. The algorithm was tested over 100 images of white fly pest with an accuracy of 96%. [5] Proposed a new method of pest detection and positioning based on binocular stereo to get the location information of pest, which was used for guiding the robot to spray the pesticides automatically.[14] introduced contextual parameter tuning for adaptive image segmentation, that allows to efficiently tune algorithm parameters with respect to variations in leaf color and contrast. III.EXISTING  SYSTEM In earlier days in order to detect the pest  on leafs they used early pest detection in green houses based on video analysis. Their goal was to define a decision support system which handles a video camera data. They implemented algorithms for detection of only two bioagressors name as white flies and aphids. The system was able to detect low infestation stages by detecting eggs of white flies thus analyzing behavior of white flies. But this project has many limitations like it is time consuming process and also the output will not get accurately. So in order to eliminate these limitations ,we are going to proposed a system named pest detection on leafs by using robot and processing in LabVIEW. IV.PROPOSED  SYSTEM In this proposed system we are making  use of robots in order to take the live images from field section to monitoring section. The images taken by the robot processed and the type of disease is displayed accurately. By using this project we can get the output accurately and the type of disease. As we are making use of LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench) software ,in this software instead of text there are making use of icons in order to create the programs. compared to the other softwares this software as many advantages like it will not show any errors at the time of executing the program, whereas other softwares even a small error is there means we will not get the output showing there is some errors, it eliminates the limitations in the existing system. Once you taken the image and create the class mentioning the type of samples in LabVIEW, definitely we will get the output mentioning the type of diseases. Workload on farmers is minimized by using these type of system. By making a track for robot it will be worked properly in slippery and unequal surfaces. If we use chain instead of wheels in the field, robot can work more effectively on unequal surface of the field. Farmers dont have to go in the field because robots do their work properly and effectively. Time consumed by the robots for detecting the pest on leafs is less than mankind, which can work efficiently. Fig 1:Block Diagram V.WORKING In block diagram we are using the web camera in order to take the live pictures from field section to the monitoring section. We are using high definition web camera model number (jil-2247).This web camera takes the images of affected leaf which are caused due to pests. Generally we prefer this type of web camera because it has high flexibly, as well the cost of this type of web camera is very less. It will send  live pictures from field section to monitoring section up to 10 meters distance. We are using wired web camera and this web camera is connected to system through USB cable. This web camera is generally monitored through the system. Next we are using Arduino UNO. The Arduino Uno is a Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet).it has 14 digital input/output pins(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs),6 Analog inputs,16 MHZ crystal oscillator , a USB connection , a power jack , an ICSP header , and a reset button. In this project we are making use of only 4 digital input/output pins (i.e. pin nos 8, 9, 10, 11), 5v in and Ground pin. These 4 digital pins acts as output pins and also we are making use of 5v output pin as well as ground Pin. Remaining pins we are not using in this project. These 4pins are connected to 4 relays . Relay is nothing more than a switch. A Relay is an electromechanical switch used for one or more of the four (4) purposes 1. To turn something ON. 2. To turn something or disable something. 3. To change the polarity of a wire. 4. To increase the current supply of a wire. In this project we are using four (4) relays 1. for moving forward 2. for moving backward 3. for moving left side 4. for moving right side The main use of these four relays is to move the robot either forward, backward, left side, right side. Based on our request, the particular relay will be on and move in particular direction. These four relays are connected to the two dc motors. In order to work the dc motors we need power supply, so we are using 5v battery. Based on our request the particular relay will be on and this relay will be connected to dc motors and move in a particular direction. Lastly this dc motors are connected to the wheels to rotate. Instead of wheels we can use chains ,this chains can move in even in uneven flat surfaces. This robot take the live pictures from field section to monitoring section without the use of human effort and it will finds whether the leaf had caused marks and based on the marks it will intimate the type of disease. VI.  SOFTWARE  REQUIREMENTS The following are the software requirements used  in this project i. Virtual instrumentation ii. LabVIEW Virtualinstrumentation Virtual Instrumentation is the use of  customizable software and modular measurement hardware to create user-defined measurement systems, called virtual instruments. The concept of a synthetic instrument is a subset of the virtual instrument concept. A synthetic instrument is a kind of virtual instrument that is purely software defined. A synthetic instrument performs a specific synthesis, analysis, or measurement function on completely generic, measurement agnostic hardware. Virtual instruments can still have measurement specific hardware, and tend to emphasize modular hardware approaches that facilitate this specificity. Hardware supporting synthetic instruments is by definition not specific to the measurement, nor is it necessarily (or usually) modular. Leveraging commercially available technologies, such as the PC and the analog to digital converter, virtual instrumentation has grown significantly since its inception in the late  1970s. Additionally, software packages like National Instruments Lab VIEW and other graphical programming languages helped grow adoption by making it easier for non- programmers to develop systems. LabVIEW Lab VIEW (short for Laboratory Virtual  Instrumentation Engineering Workbench) is a platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments. Originally released for the Apple Macintosh in 1986, Lab VIEW is commonly used for data acquisition, instrument control, and industrial automation on a variety of platforms including Microsoft Windows, various flavors of  UNIX, Linux, and Mac OS. The programming language used in Lab VIEW, is a dataflow language. Execution is determined by the structure of a graphical block diagram. LabVIEW programs are called virtual instruments (VIs).Controls are inputs and indicators are outputs. Each VI contains three main parts: a. Front panel How the user interacts with the VI b. Block diagram The code that controls the program In LabVIEW, you build a user interface by using a set of tools and objects. The user interface is known as the front panel. You then add code using graphical representations of functions to control the front panel objects. The block diagram contains this code. If organized properly, the block diagram resembles a flowchart. VII.  SCHEMATIC  DIAGRAMS  IN LAB  VIEW Front  Panel: When you have created a new VI or  selected an existing VI, the Front Panel and the Block Diagram for that specific VI will appear as shown in below figure In LabVIEW, you build a user interface, or front panel, with controls and indicators. Controls are knobs, push buttons, dials, and other input devices. Indicators are graphs, LEDs, and other displays. You build the front panel with controls and indicators, which are the interactive input and output terminals of the VI, respectively. Controls are knobs, push buttons, dials, and other input devices. Indicators are graphs, LEDs, and other displays. Controls simulate instrument input devices and supply data to the block diagram of the VI. Indicators simulate instrument output devices and display data the block diagram acquires or generates. Fig 2: Front Panel VIII.  BLOCK  DIAGRAM After you build the user interface, you add  code using VIs and structures to control the front panel objects. The block diagram contains this code. In some ways, the block diagram resembles a flowchart. After you build the front panel, you add code using graphical representations of functions to control the front panel objects. The block diagram contains this graphical source code. Front panel objects appear as terminals, on the block diagram. Block diagram objects include terminals, subVIs, functions, constants, structures, and wires, which transfer data among other block diagram objects. It will accompany the program for the front panel which is shown in below figure Fig 3: Block Diagram IX. WORKING Vision  Acquisition In order to detect the pest in leafs, first we have to acquire the image (i.e. take the image of any one leaf in the field).for taking the image of the leafs we require one web camera. This web camera sends live picture from field section to the monitoring section. The below figure shows the image of the affected leaf which was taken from field Fig4:  Acquiring  the  image  of the  affected leaf Vision  Assistant After acquiring the image of the  affected leaf, assist the image (i.e. mentioning the type of the disease).create a class mentioning the type of disease and take the different samples of the image and store these in particular class. The below figures shows how to create a class, the samples of the different classes and also the samples of the affected leafs created in a particular in a particular class is as shown below Fig 5: a class of the affected leaf Fig 6: Samples of the affected leaf RobotControl After creating a class and storing the samples of the affected leaf in that particular class, take photo of the another leaf which was affected by same pest in another field with the help of robot by moving either forward, backward, left side, right-side in front panel. The below figures represents the field section and monitoring section, photo taken in front panel Fig 7:Image taken with the help of robot Fig 8: Monitoring section and Field section RESULTCONCLUSION By using this project we can detect the pest on affected leafs and also we can detect two or more diseases in one particular leaf. after taking the image in front panel ,it will be displayed on the screen as image is detected and the type of disease is:.the below figure represents the result of the affected leaf mentioning whether the disease is detected or not. Figure represents the image taken for the affected leaf with the help of robot and figure represents the output of the image whether the leaf is detected or not: and also the type of disease is as mentioned in the figure INPUT: Fig 9: Image taken with the help of robot OUTPUT Fig10: screenshot showing the disease of the affected leaf We are taking the image of the affected leaf with the help of web camera using robot by moving either left side, right side, backward, downward and after processing it finds whether the disease is detected, if it is detected the type of disease is displayed on the screen. CONCLUSIONFUTURESCOPE Future scope of this type of robots are  very bright because it is very useful in agriculture and reduce the workload. It reduce the time consumed in spraying the pesticide liquid and works very effectively. It will help the farmers to do work in any season and conditions. It will reduce the danger for the farmers from different breathing and physical problems. This type of robots are being used in bicontrol of avocao posttharvest diseases. This type of robots are used for managing diseases in greenhouse crops as well as many other crops. This type of robots are also used in the  fields to detect the fruit is ripen or not and also used for many other purposes REFERENCES [1]. P. Boissard, V. Martin, S. Moisan A  Cognitive Vision Approach to Early Pest Detection in Greenhouse Crops Computer and Electronics in Agriculture Journal,  62(2):83-93, April 2008. [2]. J. Cho, J. Choi Automatic identification ofwhiteflies, aphids and thrips in greenhouse based on image analysis International journal of mathematics and computers in simulation March 27,2007. [3]. Sanjay B. Patil, Dr. Shrikant K. Bodhe Leaf disease severity measurement using image Processing International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.3 (5),  2011, 297-301. [4]. M. T. Maliappis, K. P. Ferentinos, H. C.  Passam And A. B. Sideridis [2008] Gims: A Web based GreenhouseIntelligent Management System,World Journal of AGRICLTURAL Sciences 4(5):640-647. [5]. C. Bauch and T. Rath, Prototype of a Vision Based System for Measurements of White Fly Infestation,Institute of Horticultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Hannover. [6]. Ganesh Bhadane, Sapana Sharma and Vijay B. Nerkar, Early Pest Identification in Agricultural Crops using Image Processing Techniques, International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering 2(2): 7782(2013). [7]. Presents an automatic method for classification of the main agents that cause damages to soybean leaflets,i.e., beetles and caterpillars using SVM classifier.[12] proposed Back propagation neural network for recognition of leaves, diseases, pests.

Essay --

As increasing rates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are becoming intertwined within traditional western practice, it has begun to present itself as a social conundrum. It is believed that the first practices of alternative medicine date back to the mid eighteenth century where as ancient Egyptians were using forms of traditional medicine in the early 5th century BCE. Because it has not been practiced as long as traditional western medicine, it has been framed as a social phenomenon. Its growth is curious in that it is beginning to surface in â€Å"countries were Western science and scientific method generally are accepted as the major foundations for healthcare, and â€Å"evidence-based† practice is the dominant paradigm† (Coulter & Willis 2004). Current US policy and government regulations, like the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, have allowed for CAM to become an integrative part of modernity. This paper examines how the def ining of CAM has influenced past and present societal reforms and how the lack of a singular, all encompassing definition was once problematic in CAM’s ability to converge with traditional western medicine. However, due to the growing appeal of CAM’s treatment methods, economic and political factors have paved a path a successful integration into modern medicine. Unorthodox systems of medicine were first developed in Europe and the United states in the late 1700s but were not completely adopted by doctors until the 1800s. Traditional, or orthodox medicine was established in the West through a process of â€Å"regulation, association, institution building and systematized medical education† (Coulter & Willis 2004) and any form of deviance threatened that. During the Revolutionary ... ...lternative medicine. It is one of the determining factors of a successful healing process and is often inhibited by the limitations of traditional medicine. Many of these movements have included criticism of traditional medicine and a promotion of responsibility of self (Goldstein 2002). By doing so, patients are able to empower themselves through taking control of their treatment instead of playing a passive role in the process. The societal acceptance and popularity of complementary and alternative medicine contains many facets of reason. The values that CAM embodies and the gaps in traditional medicine it is able to fill both contribute to its high rates of success in the past decades. However, its growing appeal to both the economic and political forces that drive our country has given CAM the leverage it needs to become an intrinsic part of the medical world.

Trace the roots of conflict in Syria. Which theory of international relations can be applied to understand this concept? Justify your answer.

Abstract Syria represents an interesting opportunity for International Relations because of the nature of the conflict representing two conflicting ideologies, namely realism and revolutionism. The need for intervention by the international community is clear, with peace negotiations consistently failing. This paper investigates the nature of the conflict as resulting from a complex set of socio-economic factors, compounded by authoritarian rule by the state. International relations can be used as a theoretical explanation to determine the role thereof in aiding the peaceful resolution of the conflict. Introduction The world currently appears to be in a constant state of conflict with ongoing wars worldwide, some garnering more media attention than others. John F. Kennedy was famously quoted as saying that â€Å"[t]here is another kind of war – new in its intensity, ancient in its origin – carried out by guerrillas, subversives, insurgents and assassins, †¦in which we try to achieve victory and eroding the enemy instead of challenging him. It leverages the discontent.† Syria is an example of this kind of war, where conflict began years ago, eventually transforming into a civil war. The opposition fought against the corrupted government army leading to large numbers of civilian casualties. Various theories of international relations (IR) are applicable to the conflict in order to understand the nature of the war between rebels and the national authoritarian system. This essay aims to apply IR theory to the Syrian conflict to gain a deeper understanding of the theoretica l aspects and the conflict respectively. The proposed theoretical application includes interventionism and the three traditions theory. The underlying cause of the conflict is a complex set of factors, including political repression, an uneven economy, corruption and a severe drought, and for the purposes of IR, certain countries have an interest in ensuring that the situation in Syria remains contained with support being given to both sides of the conflict. Through application of the theory to the totality of the conflict, the relevance thereof will be clear. History and Background of the Conflict The ruling political system in Syria began in the 1970’s with the Bashar family, who has historically ruled through pressure and extreme authoritarianism. The current leader, Bashar al-Assad acceded leadership in 2000 relying on armed oppression and intelligence apparatus provided by the Baath Party as well as leading business families (Manfreda, 2012). With the ruling government controlling the media and therefore controlling the information available, the opposition demanded the downfall of the ruling party and a new beginning for Syria contained in the Damascus Declaration of 2005 (Efrat, 2012). The conflict in Syria began in 2000 where there was a growing expectation of political and social change following the death of Hafez al-Assad. â€Å"The authorities’ monopoly of everything has established an authoritarian, totalitarian and cliquish regime that has led to a lack of politics in society, an economic collapse and exacerbating crises of every kind† (Efrat, 2012).The expectation of the people was that this authoritarian rule would end with Hafez’s death. However, ruling power remained concentrated in the Bashar family, compounding the already corrupt political repression of Syria. Living conditions continued to worsen and despite widespread objection to the state, many civilians accepted the regime for fear of further violent oppression. This social situation was exacerbated by a persistent drought, which all but destroyed the agricultural sector with particularly bad conditions in northern Syria. This in turn saw a significant reduction in the GDP of the country and widespread migration to cities away from rural industry (Efrat, 2012). With the deteriorating prevailing socio-economic conditions, civilians began using new media as a means of organizing themselves politically in order to have their opinions heard, demanding real reforms (Efrat, 2012). The combination of economic, political and natural resources factors in Syria is not favourable for a positive societal outcome. A risk assessment for the country is classified CC for Sovereign risk, currency risk, banking-sector risk, economic structure and D for political risk (EIU, 2012). With the rising intens ity of the civil war, more extensive international sanctions put pressure on public finances and sanctions on the Central Bank of Syria continue to depreciate the currency even further (EIU, 2012). Further economic decline is experienced through the reliance on oil exports which has led to a partial crash of financial markets, as the E.U has imposed an embargo on oil exports from Syria which has led to a resultant minimizing of oil production. Previously, Europe has purchased over 95% of the total oil exports in Syria and therefore this embargo has had a significantly negative effect on the economy. This has led to a decline in investment in the country as companies investing in oil exports in Syria face legal consequences (Blas, 2012). Stocks have seen massive decline in recent years with over half the value being lost this year along (Legget, et al., 2009). The conflict has seen several phases over the years and is constantly evolving. However, these changes have effectively seen a concentration of wealth in the ruling family, and their cronies and allies, effectively further disenfranchising the population. The situation has deteriorated to such an extent that ideological differences have resulted in a constant violence with no clear diplomatic solution which has led to an increased involvement by the international community. International Relations Arguably, there are a number of theoretical concerns in IR that are applicable to the conflict in Syria. These are applicable as a means of deepening the current understanding of the conflict, which may lead to the development of an equitable solution. As the world moves towards globalization, IR becomes more important and one can argue that these represent the need to have firm principles to regulate and balance competing interests between nations, as well as competing interests within a particular nation, such as Syria. IR however plays a broader global role in ensuring that relations between countries are kept at a diplomatic level for the greater good of all countries in the international community (Goldstein, 2007). The three traditions theory is of obvious relevance to the Syrian conflict because of the duality between realism and revolutionism in the conflict. Wight (1991) argues that all leading ideologies in IR fall within the three traditions of realism, rationalism or revolutionism. Realism includes ideologies such as anarchy, power politics, conflict, warfare and pessimism, whilst diametrically opposed to this is revolutionism which includes perspectives of humanity, revolutionary change, anti-state beliefs and utopianism. Rationalism falls between these two extremes and essentially for the purposes of IR, these theories are to an extent co-dependent as they are incomplete in isolation and are complimentary as traditions rather than exclusive (Dunne, 1993). Arguably therefore, there is a need for a balance of these traditions, and a society which is based on either extreme is one that will necessarily breed conflict. The three traditions theory sees application in the Syrian context, particularly when recalling the conflict of ideology between the ruling regime and the opposition. Realism as the dominant ideology of the Bashar regime is the disciplining factor in Syria with the opposition representing the revolutionary tradition. The state arguably represents an extreme realist perspective, with complete ignorance of the international community and the assertion that they exist as a sovereign state in isolation refusing to acknowledge accountability in the international community. Realists emphasize elements of anarchy, power politics and warfare (Wight, 1991), pessimistic of human nature and exploitative of the less powerful. This is a growing trend in the Syrian conflict, with an increasing disregard for the welfare of the people in Syria for financial advantage of the ruling family (Taylor, 2012). Opposition forces contradict the realist tradition by the propulsion of revolutionist ideology, s etting goals for the freedom and fulfillment of humans. Revolutionists argue that in order to do this, the class system needs to be overthrown with a classless society established (Marx, 1967). By abolishing a classless society, humans would again be united and there would be no need for states or international relations. To an extreme, revolutionist ideas see humankind at the center, claiming a world society inclusive of everyone. The existence of these two ideological extremes represents the greatest roadblock in the resolution of the Syrian conflict, which necessitates the need for international intervention, because of a lack of willingness to compromise between the state and the opposition. Again, this represents the applicability of the three traditions theory, as arguably the presence of the international community in the resolution of the conflict represents the rational tradition presence. This means that there will be a compromise between the controllers of the state resou rces, i.e. the state on the one hand, and domestic society on the other, as represented by the opposition. The consequence of a dominant realist ideology is that the state will not participate in IR unless it represents a substantial investment in state outcomes, essentially meaning that the Syrian government will not engage in treaties that are not specifically to their advantage. A shift in favour of the domestic population removing state power arguably is not in the interests of a realist ideology and therefore will not be respected for the purposes of IR. Syria can be described as a â€Å"weak post-colonial state†, categorized by a defective economy, a lack of coherent national economy and lack of sustaining basic levels of welfare and resources provided to the population (Saul, 1974). The Syrian people in rural areas have an extremely low standard of living, concentrated on traditional, yet defective agriculture and significant dependence on world markets and external economic interests. There is little state legitimacy as a result of inefficient and corrupt administration wit h a lack of concern for public opinion about the government and no significant efforts made to increase the perception of state legitimacy. Post-colonial states have often shown vulnerability towards violent conflicts as a result of corrupt state institutions, authoritarian rule and the use of natural resources as a means of funding the economy without engagement of the national population and as a result, spiraling socio-economic conditions with no clear agenda for improvement thereof. This has plagued developing nations globally and is referred to as the resource curse. The presence of IR in these conflicts essentially forms a middle ground for the establishment of legitimate state institutions in order to mediate the extremes of realist and revolutionist ideological differences. In addition to the three traditions theory, interventionism also adds depth to the conflict. Interactions with Saudi Arabia, Russia, USA, France and Britain have arguably been aimed at the manipulation of the economy, society or affairs of another nature in Syria. With the civil war in Syria, both sides of the conflict have been receiving aid from external parties. Saudi Arabia for example supports the opposition with speculation that it is a means of breaking international relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Syria. In doing so, they are ensuring that the balance of power does not benefit Iran, using their oil wealth to arm the Syrian opposition, although not directly involving themselves in the conflict (Manfreda, 2012). On the other hand, the Syrian government benefits from a relationship with Russia, where the Russian government provides weapons in the name of national defense and security. Incidences in international affairs has seen Russia and China using their ve to power in the United Nations Security Council to prevent a resolution condemning the Syrian government for violent suppression of anti-government protests (Grand View, 2012). Despite aid being used as a form of international political leverage, Syria has also found itself at the centre of international relations for the purpose of maintaining some measure of international diplomacy and peace measures, where they have been forced into quasi-peace agreements. In 2005, France and USA pressured the Syrian army to withdraw troops from Lebanon. More recently the United Kingdom and the United States of America, amongst other Western states have been increasingly intervening in the civil war providing aid in the form of communications, logistics and advice. The expectation however is that the involvement in the conflict will develop into more active intervention, such as the United Kingdom asking Syrian rebels to â€Å"set out a vision for how a post-Assad Syria could be governed† (Blitz, 2012). Conclusion It is clear that interventionism exists as a form of IR with regards to Syria for two apparent reasons. The first is to gain some form of political advantage, although arguably this is a secondary concern as the situation becomes more severe. These countries are therefore intervening in the conflict through provision of aid as a means of gaining some form of international bargaining power to shape future international relations. The second concern, which arguably forms the basis of Western intervention is in the interests of the international community generally, namely the protection of peaceful relations in international affairs. Although the effectiveness of these measures remains to be seen, clearly there is no obvious solution to the conflict in Syria, and to the extent that the three traditions theory remains without a complimentary equilibrium and as a result IR is used to provide the diplomatic compromise between realism and revolutionism, it is arguable that without IR peace ful compromise will never be reached. Although it is not clear whether IR will provide an equitable solution to this conflict, it is evident that the opposition and state forces in Syria are unable to reach a solution internally and the only realistic solution therefore is reliant on IR theory to attempt to resolve the conflict in the absence of any other practical solution. Bibliography Blas, J.(2012). EU ban forces Syria to cut down oil production. [online] Available: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c9d67952-e823-11e0-9fc7-00144feab49a.html#axzz2CbUQfxlZ. [Accessed 3 November 2012] Blitz, J. (2012) UK asks Syrian rebels to set out vision. The Financial Times Online [online] Available: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b17d1b50-301f-11e2-891b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2DLXN4VjY [Accessed 5 November 2012] Dunne, T. (1993) Mythology or MethodologyTraditions in International Theory. Review of International Studies, Vol 19, pp. 305 – 318 Efrat, Y. (2012) The roots of the Syrian Uprising. [online] Available: http://www.challenge-mag.com/en/article296/the-roots-of-the-syrian-uprising.htm. [Accessed 2 November 2012] Goldstein, J. (2007) Core Principles of International Relations Theory. [online] Available: http://www.joshuagoldstein.com/jgcore.htm [Accessed 5 November 2012] Grand View (2012) The Reasons why Russia Supports Syria [online] Available: http://grandviewinkiev.com/the-reasons-why-russia-supports-syria [Accessed 5 November 2012] Leggett, K., Solomon, J. and King, N. (2006) On the Borderline: Threat of Wider Mideast War Grows; Israel Blames Iran, Syria for Backing Hezbollah as fighting escalates; Tough Choices for Washington. Wall Street Journal. Malas, n. (2012) Attach on Syrian Opposition Town Kills Score. Wall Street Journal Online [online] Manfreda, P. (2012) Current Situation in Syria. [online] Available: http://www.middleeast.about.com/od/syria/tp/current-situation-in-syria.htm. [Accessed 2 November 2012] Manfreda, P. (2012). Saudi Arabia and Syrian Uprising. [online] Available: http://www.middleeast.about.com/od/syria/a/Saudi-Arabia-and-syrian-uprising.htm. [Accessed 5 November 2012] Manfreda, P. (2012). Options for Intervention in Syria. [online] Available: http://middleeast.about.com/od/syria/tp/Options-for-intervention-in-syria.htm. [Accessed 4 November 2012] Marx, K. (1906) Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Vol. I. The Process of Capitalist Production. Engels, F. & Untermann, E. (eds.), Moore, S. & Aveling, E. (trans.) Chicago: Charles H. Kerr and Co. Saul, J. (1974) The State of Post-Colonial Societies: Tanzania. The Socialist Register, Vol 11, pp 349 – 373 Taylor, A. (2005) Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad May Have $1.5 Billion In Assets Around The World. Business Insider [online] Available: http://www.businessinsider.com/syrian-president-bashar-al-assad-may-have-15-billion-in-assets-around-the-world-2012-7#ixzz2DLSrvn31 [Accessed 5 November 2012] The Economic Intelligence Unit (2012) Syria: Country risk summary. New York: EIU Wight, M. (1991) International Theory: The Three Traditions. Leicester: Leicester University Press

Whats Wrong With The Military Budget Essays - Arms Control

What's Wrong With The Military Budget Essays - Arms Control What's Wrong With The Military Budget Jerry Batorski English II Honors Whats Wrong With The Military Budget? The cold war is over so we dont need to spend so much money on the military, many people say after the military budget grows each year. That is an understandable statement to say, backed with much evidence of misuse in the government. Money in the military is sometimes used on useless things that just cost an incredible amount, but serve no practical use. The budget needs to cut back in certain areas such as buying new weapons and researching new weapon technologies. The current military budget is approximately $291 billion dollars and that is not even enough to satisfy what the military requests, which is $305 billion dollars(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/dodbud01.html). The fact that the new President is increasing the military budget, by some 3 billion dollars and more to come later in his presidency, is almost shocking(CNN News). The military does not need more money, as much as they need to reallocate the money they are currently spending. For instance plans are being drawn up to update out dated weapons with new technologically superior ones. These include buying close to 1,200 RAH-66 Comanche attack helicopters at a cost of $48 billion and 339 F-22s at a cost of $63.8 billion (the stealth technology that makes these planes so expensive will be out of date in a few years)( clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). A self-propelled howitzer, the Crusader, is being developed at a cost of $13 billion and when development is complete the army plans t o purchase 440 of them at an unknown price(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). The president has requested $4.377 billion for fiscal year 2001 for the CVN-77 Nimitz class carrier, being the eighth one in our Navys fleet(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). To add to the carriers construction, a small fleet has to be built to protect it, the ships included are several cruisers and destroyers and often an attack submarine, plus other refueling and maintenance ships. Another attack submarine is being built at a cost of $13.1 billion, in order to preserve submarine manufacturing skills at Groton, CT(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). Lastly, the LHD-8 Wasp Class Helicopter Carrier will begin construction this year for $1.5 billion(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). The numbers and money involved are overwhelming, but do we really need all this? We currently have the most powerful military force in the world with the most technologically advanced weaponry. So why are we spending even more money to improve our forces? Most of its politics, adding to the pork they say in Washington. Pork is a term in which military projects are assigned to private weapon developers so that they will create many jobs in the surrounding communities. In turn those weapon developers contribute vast amounts of money to the political campaigns of the congress people who voted for bills that would give contracts to them. If the Military would cut back in unnecessary usage of the budget, that extra money can be spent elsewhere, in places that will benefit the taxpayer. This money could be put into social programs such as social security, education, and health care. The defense industrys defense is that many jobs would be lost if such massive contracts werent around. But the truth is if the money were to be reinvested in education and health care those jobs wouldnt be lost, but instead recreated in other more important and more productive fields. Another reason for the cut in the militarys budget is to promote peace and not war. Currently billions of dollars are spent on weapons of destruction. How does this promote peace? It only provokes it. True our nations superior militaristic capabilities deter some countries from attacking, with the fear of not standing a chance against us. And so this brings peace, but what sort of peace is this. Resentment grows in countries that have no chance in battle with the USA. This sort of peace is what I call instilling sheer fear in our enemies. This creates resentment, fueling radicals that can do damage to our country in non-orthodox ways, such as terrorist acts. What our country should do is spend more time on the diplomatic tables, preventing wars from happening in the first place and not just stepping in once they happen. This would

How to Get Book Reviews 5 Unorthodox Tips

How to Get Book Reviews 5 Unorthodox Tips Going Viral: 5 New Opportunities to Get Book Reviews Last updated: 07/12/2017Dana Kaye is a Reedsy book publicist and author. Known for her innovative ideas and knowledge of current trends, she frequently speaks on the topics of social media, branding, and publishing trends. In this post, she shares her top 5 tips for getting book reviews.In the past ten years, the publishing landscape has changed dramatically, and that includes book coverage. Gone are the days when every local newspaper has a thick Sunday Arts section with at least four pages dedicated to book reviews and features. Long-form book reviews are being replaced by Instagram photos of books placed strategically among a wool blanket and steaming cup of coffee or a YouTube celebrity sharing the haul from her latest bookstore visit.   While the decline of newspapers may make it seem like books coverage is disappearing, there are more outlets than ever to get your book reviewed.Besides these options, you can also submit your book to Reedsy Discovery for review and exposure to thousands of readers!1. Book Review BloggersUnlike newspapers, which have to consider space constraints and an editorial staff, book bloggers have full control over the books they cover and the format of their reviews. Thousands of bloggers regularly review books, in addition to hosting giveaways and author interviews.Today @epicreads sent me a *gorgeous* finished copy of The Thousandth Floor!! There's been a lot of buzz around this book recently, and since it comes out this Tuesday I might start it tonight and let you guys know what I think😄💙ðŸ“â€" | #bookstagram #books #read #reading #thethousandthfloor

International Economics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Economics - Term Paper Example s and components which after being produced in ASEAN nations went to labor intensive countries for assembly and then final products reached the markets in Europe, America and Japan. This trade type started in IT products and expanded to other items too. Although ASEAN nations were integrating with the global economy, their intra regional integration was incomplete and was stagnating. In the past two decades the overall trade of ASEAN nations increased by 11% on annual note but intra regional export increased from 19% to 23% in the period 2000-2008.(Hanouz & Geiger,2010). In January 1992, the ASEAN nations signed ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) for deeper economic integration which was to be obtained within fifteen years and it will lead to extensive liberalization in trade. The objective of AFTA was to increase regional trade among ASEAN nations and thus achieving economic independence from the world market (Ahlstrom & Stalros, 2005). As the theory goes, removal of intra regional tariff and non tariff barriers will lead to efficiency and as market size will increase investors will enjoy economies of scale. Here we will discuss about the role of AFTA in describing the pattern of trade in ASEAN nations. As per Balasaa, four different stages of economic integration can be given that are Free Trade Area (FTA), then a Customs Union (CU), a Common Market (CM) and at last a Economic Union (EU). Preferential Trade Arrangements(PTA) encompass lower tariff rates for member nations as compared to non members while a FTA is an regional integration which is formed by imposition of zero tariffs on trade among the member nations of FTA without any change of tariff on imports from non member nations. The traditional economic integration theories explain about the gains from trade and these are static analysis of economic integration. The first theory on economic integration was given by Viner in 1950. His trade creation effect says that as two countries enter into trade, the

Accounting and Reporting Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting and Reporting Principles - Essay Example In the same audit, the revenues should as well be traced so they can give opinions as to whether all cash received as taxes or government revenues are properly recorded and remitted to the town’s treasury. The journal entries below record the issuance by the town of a three-year note to purchase police vehicles. The journal entries recorded in the general journals of the General Fund differ from those recorded in the general journals for governmental activities at the government-wide level. The General Fund general journal reflects the creation of temporary accounts – namely, Other Financing Sources-Proceeds of Three-Year Note and Expenditures-Capital Outlay – upon the issuance of notes and the purchase of the vehicles. On the other hand, the government-wide level general journal reflects the recording of assets and liabilities, namely the Transportation Equipment and the Notes Payable. This is because the accounting books of the General Fund are mostly concerned only with the inflow and outflow of the current financial resources of the town. Meanwhile, the books for the government-wide entity should show all transactions affecting the net assets of the town; thus, the specific accounts such as Transportation Equipment, Notes Payable, then subsequently, the Depreciation Expense and Interest Expense are used. General Ledger Debit Credit General Fund: Cash 120,000 Other Financing Sources-Proceeds of Three-Year Note 120,000 To record the issuance of the 3-year note. Expenditures - Capital Outlay 120,000 Cash 120,000 To record the purchase of 4 police vehicles. Governmental Activities, Government-wide: Cash 120,000 Notes Payable 120,000 To record the issuance of the 3-year note. Transportation Equipment 120,000 Cash 120,000 To record the purchase of 4 police vehicles. Works Cited Accounting for Government and Nonprofit Entities (as